Authors
1
Department of pathology,faculty of medicine
2
Medical Consultant Office, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed malignancy in men and the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality among males worldwide. The incidence rate of prostate cancer varies across the regions and populations new cases of prostate cancer were registered worldwide, representing 7.1% of all cancers in men.
Aim of study:
To assess prostatic biopsies from patients with prostatic cancer in a sample of Iraqi patients according to 2014 modified Gleason Grading and Grade groups, and to study the relation of Gleason grading and grade group with clinical and laboratory data available in patients case sheets (age and PSA level).
Material and methods:
A cross sectional study conducted in Department of Pathology/College of Medicine /Al-Nahrain University for a period from January 2021 to march 2022. Cases and control were collected from Baghdad Medical City /Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialties, cases included 94 patients had prostatic carcinoma and control group included 57 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Results:
This study revealed the age distribution of patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ranged from (50-88) years and prostatic adenocarcinoma ranged from (50-82) years. Regarding prostatic specific antigen levels in prostatic adenocarcinoma 75 (79.8%) of cases had high prostatic specific antigen levels (4ng/mL or Higher) while in benign prostatic hyperplasia 22(14.6%) of cases had high prostatic specific antigen levels. The frequency of perineural invasion in studied sample 39.4%, while vascular invasion only 5.3%.
Conclusion:
There was no statistically significant association was found between Gleason score and age, the same applies to the Gleason grade group. Also no statistically, significant association was found between the Gleason grade group and prostatic specific antigen level, in addition, no correlation was found between Gleason score and prostatic specific antigen level. There is no correlation was found between Gleason score, and perineural invasion.
- Haffner, M. C., Zwart, W., Rougier, M. P., True, L. D., Nelson, W. G., Epstein, J. I., De Marzo, A. M., Nelson, P. S., & Yegnasubramanian, S. Genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity in prostate cancer. Nature reviews. Urology, . 2021;18:79–92.
- Rapiti E, Schaffar R, Iselin C, Miralbell R, Pelte MF, Weber D, Zanetti R, Neyroud-Caspar I, Bouchardy C. Importance and determinants of Gleason score undergrading on biopsy sample of prostate cancer in a population-based study. BMC Urol. 2013;13:19. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-19. PMID: 23578089; PMCID: PMC3637607.
- Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM, Reuter VE, editors. WHO classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs. 4th ed. IARC; Lyon, France: 2016.
- Epstein JI, Zelefsky MJ, Sjoberg DD, Nelson JB, Egevad L, Magi-Galluzzi C, Vickers AJ, Parwani AV, Reuter VE, Fine SW, Eastham JA, Wiklund P, Han M, Reddy CA, Ciezki JP, Nyberg T, Klein EA. A Contemporary Prostate Cancer Grading System: A Validated Alternative to the Gleason Score. Eur Urol. 2016;69:428-35. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.046. Epub 2015 Jul 10. PMID: 26166626; PMCID: PMC5002992.
- JI Epstein, AL Cubilla, PA Humphrey. Tumors of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, penis, and scrotum AFIP atlas of tumor pathology: Series 4 (1st ed.), American Registry of Pathology, Annapolis Junction, Maryland (2011).
- Bushman W. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Natural History. Urol Clin North Am [Internet]. 2009 ;36:403–15.
- Briganti A, Capitanio U, Suardi N, Gallina A, Salonia A, Bianchi M, et al. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Its Aetiologies. Eur Urol Suppl [Internet]. 2009;8:865–71.
- Bechis SK, Carroll PR, Cooperberg MR. Impact of Age at Diagnosis on Prostate Cancer Treatment and Survival. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2011;29:235–41.
- Logozzi M, Angelini DF, Giuliani A, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Maggi M, et al. Increased Plasmatic Levels of PSA-Expressing Exosomes Distinguish Prostate Cancer Patients from Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) [Internet]. 2019 ;11:1449.
- Sarwar S, Adil MAM, Nyamath P, Ishaq M. Biomarkers of Prostatic Cancer: An Attempt to Categorize Patients into Prostatic Carcinoma, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, or Prostatitis Based on Serum Prostate Specific Antigen, Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, Calcium, and Phosphorus. Prostate Cancer [Internet]. 2017; 2017:1–7.
- Godtman RA, Kollberg KS, Pihl C-G, Månsson M, Hugosson J. The Association Between Age, Prostate Cancer Risk, and Higher Gleason Score in a Long-term Screening Program: Results from the Göteborg-1 Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.
- Palsdottir T, Nordström T, Aly M, Lindberg J, Clements M, Egevad L, et al. Are Prostate Specific-Antigen (PSA) and age associated with the risk of ISUP Grade 1 prostate cancer? Results from 72 996 individual biopsy cores in 6 083 men from the Stockholm3 study. Ahmad A, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2019;14: e0218280.
)
