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Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Diagnosis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection in The Emergency Department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital

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Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

Abstract
Background: getting infected with the Corona virus leads to corona virus disease, which has shown a rapid human to human transmission and different degrees of mortality, death occur because of acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi organ failure, and other serious complications. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a world-wide used marker for estimate the prognosis of patients with other infectious diseases like pneumonia and non-infectious like cancer.
Aim of the study: is to evaluate the Diagnostic and Severity predictive power of neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio in Coronavirus disease patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study done in the emergency department of Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad City-Iraq. Sample collected randomly and 528 patients who had symptoms of Corona virus disease were enrolled prospectively in the study.
Result: Patients with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥3.6 were 20.3 times more likely to have Corona virus disease compared to patients whose neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was ≤3.6. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly high as the disease severity increase. The difference in the age of the patients was not statistically significant regarding the Diagnosis, but seems to play a significant role in the disease severity. The optimal threshold at 4.3 for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio showed a superior predictive possibility of patient to had severe to critical disease, which had the highest of sensitivity and specificity When age ≥ 51.5 years old.
Conclusion: elevated Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent Diagnostic and Severity predictive biomarker for Corona virus disease patients. Age and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio are independent risk factors to the severity of the infection.

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References
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Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Volume 24, Issue 1
January 2025
Page 42-51
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