Abstract

Background: Cyclin D1, a main regulatory protein in the cell cycle, is encoded by the CCND1 gene, located on chromosome 11q13, and over-expression of this protein interrupts normal cell cycle control, hence encouraging the development and progression of cancer. The up-regulation of cyclin D1 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and metastases of colorectal cancer, and appears to be a useful prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in colorectal carcinoma cases. To assess its association with other clinicopathological features.

Patients and method: In this prospective and retrospective case series study, fifty cases of surgically excised colorectal carcinoma biopsies were included. The blocks of the cases were collected from Al-Jumhori teaching hospital and some private laboratories in Mosul city in a period from October 2023 to August 2024. Section slides from the blocks were stained by Cyclin D1 (immunostain).

Results: Age of 50 colorectal carcinoma cases ranged from 34 to 93 years (mean± SD= 60.44±12.73) with 52% of them ≥ 60 years, male to female ratio 2:3, 64% moderately differentiated, 66% with positive lymphovascular invasion, 68% were penetrating through the muscle layer into the pericolorectal tissue, 54% with negative lymph node metastasis and 46% diagnosed with stage III. Among the fifty cases, 68% were with high level of expression of cyclin D1 with 75% of them < 60 years old, 70% males, 72% moderately differentiated, 70% with positive lymphovascular invasion, 78% were invading the visceral peritoneum, 74% with negative lymph node metastasis and 81% of stage II disease.

Conclusion:The high expression of cyclin D1 lies in colorectal carcinoma cases younger than 60 years old, males, moderately differentiated, with positive lymphovascular invasion and higher stages despite that there were no significant statistical association found between Cyclin D1 expression and the studied clinicopathological variables.